Review of monitoring mechanisms in underground hydrogen storage

With the global shift towards sustainable energy, underground gas storage, particularly for hydrogen, has gained prominence. These underground reservoirs provide a critical solution for storing gases produced during periods of energy surplus. However, the unique challenges of the underground environment require effective monitoring mechanisms to ensure safety, operational efficiency and environmental compliance. Monitoring is essential for safety assurance but also for the operational efficiency or environmental considerations.

This is a literature review about monitoring methods for different underground gas storage (with a focus on hydrogen storage). The key parameters that are crucial for monitoring the safety and efficiency of underground storage sites should be identified and analysed.

• Zhang, Y.; Oldenburg, C. M.; Zhou, Q.; Pan, L. & Freifeld, B. M.; Jeanne, P.; Rodríguez Tribaldos, V.; Vasco, D. W. (2021). Advanced monitoring and simulation for underground gas storage risk management. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 208. 109763. 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109763.
• Katz, Donald L. "Monitoring Gas Storage Reservoirs." Paper presented at the SPE Midwest Oil and Gas Industry Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, April 1971. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/3287-MS